Herbs have played an important part in man's life for countless years. Early settlers brought herbs to America for use as flavoring, linen preservers, burning for fragrance and remedies for illnesses. Some herbs were even used as a curator for meats in the days before preservation techniques were perfected. Herb gardens have long been a major source of seasoning for food. Today, many gardeners are discovering the satisfaction of producing their own herbs.
Harvesting Herbs
Herbs can be created from all parts of a plant and can be used in a variety ways. Flowers should be harvested as soon as they blossom and are still only partially open. Harvest stems and leaves just before the plant flowers as this is when essential oils are strongest. Harvest seeds when they have slightly hardened. Flowers, leaves, stems and seeds should only be gathered from healthy plants that have not been sprayed with pesticides. Do not collect damp plants as they can become moldy. The best time to collect herbs is in the morning after the dew has dried and before the sun is high.The heat from the sun will negatively effect the essential oils. After picking plants, sort out and discard debris. Also discard any damaged plant parts before using or drying the herbs.
Brewing Herbs
Herbs can be brewed and drank as a tea. Be careful not to oversteep as brewing teas for longer than 10 minutes can result in a bitter drink. More herbs can be added to the brew for stronger teas. Never boil herbs. Rather, place herbs in a brewing kettle and cover with boiling water. Let stand for about 6-8 minutes. Two tablespoons of chopped fresh herbs or two teaspoons of dried herbs with two cups of boiling water will make tea for two. Steep leaves and flowers off of the heat of the boiled water. Seeds can be gently simmered. Do not use a metal vessel when brewing herbs.
Storing Herbs
The best way to preserve the flavor of herbs is to purée them in oil and freeze them. This is also the safest way to store herbs. Chop or puree 2 firmly packed cups of leaves and stems to 1/2 cup vegetable or olive oil. Place the mixture in a tightly-lidded container and freeze. Do not refrigerate this mixture as toxins can develop from the puréed plant matter which can result in botulism.
Drying Herbs
To dry large-leaved herbs, such as mint, basil or sage, remove the leaves and place them in a single layer on paper towels or clean brown paper. Dry the entire stems of smaller-leaved herbs such as thyme and rosemary. After the stems have dried on these smaller-leaved plants, strip the leaves from the stalk. Small amounts of small-leaved herbs or chopped large leaves can be dried in a frost-free refrigerator. Dry herbs flat as opposed to hanging.
Do not heat herbs when drying as this will destroy their essential oils.
Herb Usage
There are many types of herbs and they can be used in a variety of ways. Herbs have long been used in medicines and teas. They are also used in fragrances and other toiletries. Potpourris are becoming increasingly popular and herbs are widely used for culinary purposes. The flavor of fish, in particular, is greatly enhanced by the use of herbs.
Loraine R. Degraff - Loraine Degraff is a writer and educator of over 10 years. Although much of her writing focuses on natural health, she enjoys learning and ...
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